Batik

the process of making batik

batik

Batik  
Batik is one way of making fabric. Besides batik can refer to two things. The first is the technique of coloring cloth using the night to prevent staining part of the fabric. In the international literature, this technique is known as a wax-resist dyeing. The second notion is the fabric or clothing made with these techniques, including the use of certain motifs that have uniqueness.
Batik Indonesia, as the overall engineering, technology, and development-related motives and culture, UNESCO has been designated a Cultural Heritage for Humanity Oral and Nonbendawi (Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity) since October 2, 2009.

batik fashion show

 EtymologyThe word "batik" is derived from the combination of two words in Javanese: "amba", meaning "write" and "point" which means "point".

History of batik technique 
Art coloring coloring fabric with prevention techniques using night is one of the ancient art form. The discovery in Egypt show that this technique has been known since the 4th century BC, with the discovery mummy wrapping cloth which is also coated the night to form a pattern. In Asia, a similar technique of batik is also applied in China during the T'ang Dynasty (618-907) as well as in India and Japan during the Nara period (645-794). 
 In Africa, such as batik technique known by the Yoruba tribe in Nigeria, as well as the Soninke and Wolof tribe in Senegal. In Indonesia, batik is believed to have existed since the time of Majapahit, and became very popular late eighteenth century or early nineteenth century. Produced batik batik is it all until the early twentieth century and the new stamp batik known after World War I or around the 1920's.

batik

 Although the word "batik" comes from the Javanese, the presence of batik in Java itself was not recorded. G.P. Rouffaer argues that the batik technique is likely introduced from India or Sri Lanka in the 6th century or the 7th. On the other hand, J.L.A. Brandes (Dutch archaeologist) and F.A. Sutjipto (archaeologist Indonesia) believe that the tradition of batik is a native of the area such as the Toraja, Flores, Halmahera and Papua. It should be noted that the region is not an area that is influenced by Hinduism but it is known to have ancient tradition of batik making.
G.P. Rouffaer gringsing also reported that the pattern has been known since the 12th century in Kediri, East Java. He concluded that this pattern can only be formed by using a canting, so he argues that the canting is found in Java in the period surrounding it. [4] Detailed carvings that resemble batik cloth worn by the Prajnaparamita, the goddess of wisdom Buddhist statues from East Java century -13. 

Detailed patterns of clothing featuring vines and intricate flowers that are similar to traditional Javanese batik pattern that can be found now. This suggests that creating an intricate batik patterns that can only be made with a canting has been known in Java since the 13th century or even earlier.

Legend in Malay literature of the 17th century, Sulalatus Salatin told Admiral    Hang  Nadim ordered by Sultan Mahmud to sail to India to get 140 pieces of fabric litter with 40 kinds of flower patterns on each page. Being unable to fulfill that command, he made himself that the fabrics. But unfortunately shipwrecked on the way home and only capable of carrying four pieces that make the emperor was disappointed. By some interpreters, who? litter was interpreted as batik.
In European literature, batik technique was first described in the book History of Java (London, 1817) writings of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles.

batik

He had been a British Governor of Java during Napoleon occupied the Netherlands. In 1873 a Dutch merchant Van Rijekevorsel give a piece of batik, which is obtained during a visit to Indonesia to the Ethnic Museum in Rotterdam and at the beginning of the 19th century batik that was started to reach its golden ages. When exhibited at the Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1900, Indonesian batik riveting public and artists.
Since the industrialization and globalization, which introduces automation techniques, new types emerged batik, known as batik and batik prints, while the traditional batik produced by
the technique of handwriting using canting and night is called batik. At the same time, immigrants from Indonesia to Malaya Fellowship also carries batik with them. 
Culture batik
Batik is a craft that has high artistic value and has become part of the culture of Indonesia (especially Java) for a long time. Javanese women in the past made their skills in batik for a living, so in the past batik work is exclusively women's work until the invention of "Batik Cap" which allows the entry of men into the field.

There are some exceptions to this phenomenon, namely the coastal batik masculine lines as can be seen in shades of "Mega Chance", which in some coastal areas batik work is common for men.The tradition of batik was originally a tradition handed down, so sometimes a recognizable motif batik originated from a particular family. Some batik may indicate the status of a person. Even today, some batik motifs tadisional only used by royal families of Yogyakarta and Surakarta.Batik is an ancestral heritage of Indonesia (Java) that until now still exist. Batik is also first introduced to the world by President Suharto, who was wearing a batik at the UN Conference.

Variety Batik

batik

Batik variety of shades and colors are influenced by various foreign influences. Initially, batik has a variety of shades and colors are limited, and some patterns may only be used by certain circles. However, coastal batik absorb various external influences, such as foreign traders and also in the end, the invaders. Bright colors such as red popularized by the Chinese, who also popularized the style phoenix. European colonial nations are also taking interest in batik, and the results are the patterns that were previously unknown flowers (like tulips) and the objects brought by the colonizers (the building or horse-drawn carriage), including their favorite colors such as blue.Retain traditional batik s type,and is still used in traditional ceremonies.

How to manufacture
Batik was originally made on material with white color made of cotton cloth called. Today the batik is also made on other materials such as silk, polyester, rayon and other synthetic materials. Batik motif formed by the liquid wax by using a tool called a canting for subtle motifs, or large-sized brush for a motive, so that the liquid wax to seep into the fabric fibers. Fabrics that have been painted with wax and then dyed with the desired color, usually starting from the light colors. Immersion and then taken to another motif with color or black older. After some time the coloring process, which has dibatik cloth dipped in chemicals to dissolve the wax.



Types of batik 
According to the technique
    Batik is decorated with fabric textures and patterns of batik by hand. Batik making this type takes approximately 2-3 months.
    Batik cap is decorated with fabric textures and patterns created with batik cap (usually made of copper). Batik-making process of this type takes approximately 2-3 days.
    Batik is the process of making batik painting by painting directly on the white cloth.
According to the origin of manufacture
Javanese Batik
Javanese batik art is a cultural heritage of Indonesia, especially Java-controlled areas of hereditary Javanese. Javanese batik motifs have different. The difference is common dikarnakan motif motifs that have meaning, the purpose is not only an image but it implies that they can from their ancestors, the religion of animism, dynamism, or Hindus and Buddhists. Javanese batik developed in many areas Solo or commonly referred to as Solo batik.


The stages in the process of batik pembutan this:

The first step is to create batik designs commonly called molani. In determining the motive, usually everyone has different tastes. Some prefer to make their own motives, but others prefer to follow the common motifs that have been there. Motifs are often used in Indonesian batik, which itself is divided into two: the classic batik, a lot of playing with symbols, and coastal batik with natural characteristic such as pictures of flowers and butterflies. Creating a design or motif is able to use a pencil.
After completing the molani, the second step is to paint with (wax) night using canting (caged / dicantangi) by following the pattern.
The next stage, covered with candle night parts will remain white (no color). Canting to the fine, or a brush for large-sized parts. The goal is that when dyeing the material into the dye solution, part of a given layer of wax is not exposed.
The next stage, the first dyeing process on the parts that are not covered by the wax by dipping the cloth in a particular color.
Once dyed, the cloth in the sun and dried.Once dry, re-do the process of painting with wax batik using canting to cover the night part to be retained in the first staining. Then, followed by a second color dyeing process.The next process, removing wax from fabric that night by putting the cloth with hot water above the furnace.After a clean cloth from the wax and dry, it can be done again with the closing process of batik wax (using a canting) to hold the first and second colors.
The process of opening and closing candlelight dinner can be repeated in accordance with the number of colors and complexity of the desired motif.
The next process is nglorot, where the fabric has changed the color of boiled hot water. The goal is to eliminate a layer of wax, so the motive which had drawn previously apparent. You do not need to worry, this immersion will not make your motives have been exposed to a color image, because the top of the fabric is still shrouded in a thin layer (wax is not completely washed out). Once completed, the batik is ready for use. The last process is to wash your batik cloth and then dry by leaving it before it can be used and worn.